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150 یﺭﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻪﺳ ۀﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﯽﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺳ
ﻥﺎﺧ ﻡﻳﻫﺍﺭﺑﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺧﻟﺩﺭﻳﺷ ﯽﺳﺎﻏﺎﺷ ".ﺩﻭﺑﻧ ﻥﺎﺷﻭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻫﺎﺗﻭﮐﻭ
ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺵﺭﺻﺣﻭ ﺩﺣﻳﺑ ﺩﺎﻣﺗﻋﺍﺭﻁﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺯﻳﻧﻭ ﺭﻳﺑﺩﺗ ﻑﻌﺿ ﺏﺑﺳ ﻪﺑ
ﻥﻳﻣﻫ ﻪﮐ، ﻥﺎﺧﻔﻳﺭﺷ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺳﻭ ﻥﺎﺧﺩﺍﺩﺭﻳﻣ ﻝﺍﺭﻧﺟﻭ ﻥﺎﺧ ﻖﻳﻓﺭﺩﻣﺣﻣ
.ﺩﻭﺑﻧ ﯽﺿﺍﺭ ،ﺕﺷﺍ ﮔ ﺫ ﻥ ﺎﺧ ﻥﻣﺣﺭﻟﺍﺩﺑﻋﺭﻳﻣﺍ ﻑﮐﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻝﺑﺎﮐ ﺵﺍ ﻪﻳﻭﺭ
ﻝﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺷﺭﻭﺑﺟﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻳﺩﻳﻣ ﯽﺛﺩﺍﻭﺣ ﻥﺗﺳﺑﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﭼ ﺍﺭ ﺕﻳﻌﺿﻭ ﻭﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻣﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﺭﺟﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﺑ ﺭﺎﻫﺩﻧﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺑﺎﮐ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻣﺯ ﻥﺍﺯﻭﺳ یﺎﻣﺭﺳ
ﻝﺑﺎﻘﻣﺭﺩ ﺕﺳﮑﺷ ﺏﻗﺍﻭﻋﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﺧﻭ ﺩﻧﺎﺳﺭﺑ ﻥﺎﺧﻳﻠﻋﺭﻳﺷﺭﻳﻣﺍ ﻊﻣﺳ
119 .ﺩﻧﺍﺩﺭﮔ ﻪﻣﺫﻟﺍ یﺭﺑ ﻥﺎﺧ ﻥﻣﺣﺭﻟﺍﺩﺑﻋﺭﺍﺩﺭﺳ
ﻪﮐ ﻥﺎﺧ ﻥﻣﺣ ﺭﻟﺍﺩ ﻋ ﺑ ﺭ ﺍﺩﺭﺳ ﺕﺳﺩﺑ ﻝﺑﺎﮐ ﻑﺭﺻﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺱﭘ
ﺩﻭﻣﻧ ﻕﻭﺳﺭﺎﻫﺩﻧﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻝﺑﺎﮐ ﺩﺩﺟﻣ ﺏﺣﺎﺻﺗ یﺍﺭﺑ ﯽﻳﺍﻭﻗ ﻥﺎﺧﻳﻠﻋﺭﻳﺷﺭﻳﻣﺍ
ﯽﻧﺯﻏ ﺭﺑ ﻝﺑﺎﮐ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻳﻣﺍ ﻩﺎﭘﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻫ ﻥﺎﺧ ﻥﻣﺣﺭﻟﺍﺩﺑﻋ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺳﻭ
،ﻪﺿﻭﺭﺭﺳ ﻝﺣﻣ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻧﺯﻏ ﯽﻟﺍﻭﺣﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﯽﮕﻧﺟ ﺭﺩ یﺭﺎﺑ،ﺩﻭﻣﻧ ﻪﻠﻣﺣ
ﯽﮐﺩﺭﮐﺭﺳﺑ ﻥﺎﺧ ﻥﻣﺣﺭﻟﺍﺩﺑﻋ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺳ یﺍﻭﻗ ﻥﺎﻳﻣ ،ﻡ ١٨۶٨ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ
ﺢﺗﻓ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺳ ﯽﮔﺩﺭﮐﺭﺳﺑ ﻥﺎﺧﻳﻠﻋﺭﻳﺷ ﺭﻳﻣﺍ یﺍﻭﻗ ﻭ ﻥ ﺧ ﺎ ﺭﻳ ﺻﻧ ﻝﺍﺭﻧﺟ
ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺳ یﺎﻫﻭﺭﻳﻧ ﺕﺳﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﺧﺭ ﻥﺎﺧﺭﺑﮐﺍﺭﻳﺯﻭ ﺭﺳﭘ ﻥﺎﺧﺩﻣﺣﻣ
ﺭﻳﮕﺗﺳﺩ ﻥﺎﺧ ﺩﻣﺣﻣ ﺢﺗﻓ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺳ ﺩﻭﺑ ﮏﻳﺩﺯﻧﻭ ،ﺩﻳﻣﺎﺟﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺧﺩﻣﺣﻣ ﺢﺗﻓ
ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺧﺩﻣﺣﻣ ﺢﺗﻓ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺳ ﻥﺎﺟ ﺕﺎﺟﻧ یﺍﺭﺑ ﻥﺎﺧﻟﺩﺭﻳﺷ ﯽﺳﺎﻏﺎﺷ ،ﺩﻭﺷ
ﻭ ﺩﺭﺑ ﻪﻠ ﻣﺣ ﺩ ﺧ ﻭ ﺯ ﺍ ﺭﺗ یﻭﻗ ﻥﻣﺷﺩ ﺭﺑ ﺵﺭﺎﮐﺍﺩﻓ یﺎﻫﻭﺭﻳﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺗ ﯽﺳ
،ﺩﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﺟﻧﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺧﺩﻣﺣﻣ ﺢﺗﻓ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺳ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻣﻧ ﻪﻧﺧﺭ ﻥﻣﺷﺩ ﻑﺻ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﮐ ﯽﻣﺎﮕﻧﻫ ﻭ ﺕﻓﺭﮔﺭﺍﺭﻗ ﻥﻣﺷﺩ یﺎﻫﻭﺭﻳﻧ ﻩﺭﺻﺎﺣﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺵﺩﻭﺧﺭﮕﻣ
ﺭﻳﻟﺩ ﻥﺎﻫﺍﺭﻣﻫ ﺭﺑ ﻩﺎﮔﺎﻧ،ﺩﻧﻧﮐ ﺵﺭﻳﮕﺗﺳﺩ ﺎﺗ ﺩﻧﺩﺯ ﻪﻘﻠﺣ ﻭﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﺑ ﻥﻣﺷﺩ
ﻪﺗﺧﺁ یﺎﻫﺭﻳﺷﻣﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻭﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﻭﺟﮕﻧﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺗ ١٨ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺭﺑ ﺩﺎﻳﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺧ
ﻥﻣﺷﺩ ﻡﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﻧﺭﭘ ﻥﻭﭼ ﻭ ﺩﻧﺩﻭﻣﻧ ﺯ ﺎﺑ ﺭ ﺍ ﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻧﺩﺯ ﻥﻣﺷﺩ ﻑﺻﺭﺑ
120 .ﺩﻧﺗﻓﺭ ﺭﺩﺑﻭ ﺩﻧﺩﻳﺭﭘ
١٩٧ ﺹ ،ﺭﻭﺎﺸﭘ پﺎﭼ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﺮﺧﺄﺘﻣ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ ،ﯽﻓﺎﺧ ﻥﺎﺧ ﯽﻠﻋ ﺏﻮﻘﻌﻳ ﺍﺯﺮﻴﻣ - 119
٣٨٣ ٣ - ٨۴ ، ٢١٨ ٢ - ١٠ ﺺ ﺻ ، ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﺮﺧﺄﺘﻣ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ - 120
