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228 یﺭﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻪﺳ ۀﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﯽﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺳ
ﺹﺧﺷ ﮏﻳ :ﺩﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﮐ ﻑﻳﺭﻌﺗ ﻥﻳﻧﭼ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ ﺎﻳﻧﺎﺗﻳﺭﺑ ﯽﻣﺳﺭ ﺹﺎﺧﺷﺍ
ﻭﺍ .ﺩﻭﺑ ﺭﺎﻳﺳﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﻭﺣ یﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ، ﯽﻟﺎﻋ ﻪﻳﺟﺳ ﺏﺣﺎﺻ ،ﺫﻭﻔﻧ ﺎﺑ ،ﺭﺩﺗﻘﻣ
ﻪﮐ ﻲﻧﻳﺣ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩﻬﮕﻧ ﷲ ﻥﺎﻣﺍ یﺍﺭﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻗﺭﺷﻣ ﺕﻣﺳ ﺎﺗ ﺩﺭﮐ ﯽﻌﺳ
ﺕﺧﺗ ﻭ ﺝﺎﺗ یﺎﻋﺩﺍ ﺵﺩﻭﺧ ،ﺩﺷ ﺱﻭﻳﺎﻣ ﷲ ﻥﺎﻣﺍ یﺍﺭﺑ ﺕﻳﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺯﺍ
ﯽﻗﺭﺷﻣ ﺕﻳﻻﻭ ﻝﻳﺎﺑﻗﺭﺑ یﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺫﻭﻔﻧ ﻥﺎﺧﺩﻣ ﺣﺍ ﯽﻠ ﻋ .ﺩﻭﻣﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ
ﻪﺟﺭﺎﺧﺭﻭﻣﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ.ﺩﻭﺑ ﺕﺑﺎﺛ ﻭﺍ ﺫﻭﻔﻧ ﺎﻫﺩﻧﻣﻭﻣ ﺭﺑ ﺹﻭﺻﺧﺑ .ﺕﺷﺍﺩ
١٩٠۵ ﻝﺎﺳﺭﺩ ﷲ ﺕﻳﺎﻧﻋ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺳ ﺕﻳﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺍ .ﺕﺷﺍﺩ ﯽﻣﻳﻅﻋ ﺏﺭﺎﺟﺗ
(ﺵ ١٢٨۶ ) ١٩٠٧ ﻝﺎﺳﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺧ ﷲ ﺏﻳﺑﺣ ﺭﻳﻣﺍ ﻩﺍﺭﻣﻫ ﻭ (ﺵ ١٢٨۴ )
ﻩﺩﻫﺎﻌ ﻣﺭﺩ ﯽﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﺕﺋﻳﻫ ﺱﻳﺋﺭ ﺙﻳﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺭﮐ ﺕﺭﻓﺎﺳﻣ ﺩﻧﻫ ﻪﺑ
ﻭﺍ . ﺕﻓﺭﮔ ﻡﻬﺳ ﺢﻠﺻ ﺕﺍﺭﮐﺍﺫﻣﺭﺩ (ﺵ ١٢٩٨ ) ١٩١٩ ﺭﺩ یﺩﻧﭘﻟﻭﺍﺭ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﭼﻣﻫ ﻭ ﺕﺷﺍﺩ ﻁﻠﺳﺗ ﯽﻠﻋﺍ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺩﺭﺍ ﻭ ﯽﺳﻳﻠﮕﻧﺍ یﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺯﺭﺑ
ﺭﺩ ﯽﻔﺻﻭﻟﺍ ﺩﻳﺍﺯ ﯽﻳﺎﻧﺍﻭﺗ ﻪﺗﺷﺍﺩ ﻝﻣﺎﮐ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻭﺗﺷﭘ ﻭ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ یﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺯ
.ﺩﺍﺩﻳﻣ ﻥﺎﺷﻧ ﺩﻭﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻪﮔﺭﺟ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﮐﺍﺫﻣ
،ﺩﻧﻣﻭﻣ ﻝﻳﺎ ﺑﻗ ﻥﻳ ﺑ ﺩﺎﺣﺗﺍ ﻥﺗﺳﮑﺷ ﻡﻫﺭﺩ ﺕﻳﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﺧﺩﻣﺣﺍ ﯽﻠﻋ
ﯽﻧﺎﻳﮔﻭﺧ ﻡﺩﺭﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﻳﺗﺷﭘ ﻭ یﺭﺍﺩﻓﺭﻁﻭ ﺕﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ یﺭﺍﻭﻧﻳﺷ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺎﻳﮔﻭﺧ
ﺍﺭﻳﺯ ،ﺩﺭﮐ ﺩﻳﺭﺟﺗ ﻥﺍﺭﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻳﺭﺍﻭﻧﻳﺷ ﻭﺍ .ﺩﺭﮐ ﻝﺻﺎﺣ ﺍﺭ
ﯽﺷﻭﭘ ﺝﺎﺗ ﻡﺳﺍﺭﻣ ﻭﺍ .ﺩﻳﻧﺎﺷﮐﺩﻭﺧ ﺏﻧﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ ﯽﻧﺎﻳﮔﻭﺧ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﻧﻣﻭﻣ
ﻡﮑﺣ ،ﻥﺎﺧ ﷲ ﻥﺎﻣﺍ ﻪﻳﻠﻋ ﻪﮐﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺟﻧﺍ ﯽﻣﺎﮕﻧﻫ ﯽﻣﺳﺭ ﺕﺭﻭﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ
174 «.ﺩﻧﺩﺷ ﻥﺍﺩﺭﮕﻳﻭﺭ ﻭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻧ ﺩﺭﮐﺭﺩ ﺎﺻ ﺭﻔﮐ
ﺭﻳﺩ ﺎﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻝﻳﺎﺑﻗ ﺕﺳﻧﺍﻭﺗﻧ ﻥﺎﺧﺩﻣﺣﺍ ﯽﻠﻋ : ﺩﻳﺍﺯﻓﺍ ﯽﻣ ﮏﻣﺩﺍ
ﻝﺻﻓﻭ ﻝﺣ ًﺎﻣﺳﻗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﮔﺩﺍﻭﻧﺎﺧ یﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻳﮐ ﺍﺭﻳﺯ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩﻬﮕﻧ ﺩﻭﺧ ﺭﻭﺩﺑ
ﺕﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺕﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﻝﻳﺎﺑﻗ ﻥﻳﺑﺭﺩ ﺕﺩﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺷﮐ ﻪﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﻭﺑ ﻩﺩﺷ
ﺯﺍ ﺕﺳﻧ ﺍﻭﺗﻧ ﻥﺎﺧﺩﻣﺣﺍ ﯽﻠﻋ .ﺩﺷ ﻉﻭﺭﺷ ﺎﻫ ﺩﺭﻭﺧﻭ ﺩﺯ ،ﻡﻳﺎﻧﻏ ﻡﻳﺳﻘﺗ
ﺩﺷ ﺝﺍﺭﺎﺗﺭﻬﺷ ﻥﺁ ﻪﮐ یﺩﺭﺟﻣ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﻧﮐ یﺭﻳﮔﻭﻠﺟﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﻝﻼﺟ ﺭﻬﺷ ﺝﺍﺭﺎﺗ
٢٠٩ ﺹ ، ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﻥﺮﻗ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﯽﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ، ﮏﻣﺩﺁ ﮏﻳﻭﺩﻮﻟ - 174
