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35 یﺭﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻪﺳ ۀﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﯽﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺳ
ﺕﺷﺎﻣﮔ ﺩﻭﺧ ﺕﻣﺩﺧ ﻪﺑﻭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺍ ﻥﺎﺟ ﻪﺑﻭ ﺩﻳﻣﺎﻧ "ﺩﻣﺣﻣﺭﻳﺷ"ﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ
ﺵﻻﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻫ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻪﺑ ﻉﺎﺟﺷ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺩﻭﺧ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﺧ ﺕﺳﮑﺷ ﻭﺍ یﺍﻭﻗﻭ
ﻪﮑﻧﺁ ﻥﻭﺩﺑ ﺯﻳﻧ ﻥﺎﺧﺩ ﻣ ﺣ ﻣ ﺕﺳﻭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺳﻭ .ﺩﻭﻣﻧ ﺭﺍﺭﻓ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻳﺳﻭ ﻥﻳﻭﺟﻭ
32 .ﺩﺭﮐ ﺕﻌﺟﺍﺭﻣ ﻝﺑﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻧﺎﻣﺑ ﺩﻭﺧ یﺭﺎﻫﺩﻧﻗ ﻥﺍﺭﺩﺍﺭﺑ ﺵﺍﺩﺎﭘ ﺭﻅﺗﻧﻣ
ﻩﺎﺷ ﻥﺗﺳﮑﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻌﺑ ﻪﮑﻧﻳﺍ ﯽﮑﻳ : ﺕﺧﺎﺳ ﺭﺛﺎﺗﻣ ﺕﺧﺳ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ ﺯﻳﭼﻭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ
ﺯﺍ یﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻉﺎﺟﺷ ﻩﺎﺷ ﻡﻳﺎﻧﻏﻭ ﻝﺍﻭﻣﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻫﺩﻧﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻉﺎﺟﺷ
ﻭ ﺩﻭﺑ ﻉﺎﺟﺷ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺱﻳﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺕﻳﺎﻣﺣ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮐﺎﺣ ﻪﮐ ﺕﻓﺎﻳ ﺍﺭ "ﺩﻳﻭﺩﻭﻠﮐ"
ﺕﻳﺟﻧﺭ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻭﺑ ﻥﻳﺍ ﺭﮕﻳﺩ ﺭﺑﺧﻭ .ﺩﻭﺯﻓﺍ ﺎﻬﺳﻳﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻭﺍ ﺭﻔﻧﺗﺭﺑ ﺭﻣﺍ ﻥ ﺍ ﻳ
ﺭﻭﺎﺷﭘ ﻩﺩﺭﮐ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺗﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻫﺩﻧﻗﺭﺩ ﻉﺎﺟﺷ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺎﺑﺭﻳﻣﺍ یﺭﻳﮔﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﮓﻧﻳﺳ
ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺕﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ .ﺩﻭﺑ ﻩﺩﺭﮐ ﻝﺎﻐﺷﺍ ﺩﻣﺣﻣ ﻥﺎﻁﻠﺳ ﺵﺭﺩﺍﺭﺑ ﮓﻧﭼ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ
ﺍﺭﻧﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﭼﻳﻫ ﺩﻣﺣﻣ ﺕﺳﻭﺩﺭﻳﻣﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻭﺑ یﺯﻳﮕﻧﺍ ﻡﻏ ﻪﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﺎﺷﭘ
.ﺩﺭﮑﻧ ﺵﻭﻣﺍﺭﻓ
ﺕﺍﺭﻫﺭﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﻳﺍ ﮥﻠﻣﺣ ﺕﺎ ﻣﺩﻘﻣ
:( 1837 ) گﺭﺯﺑ یﺯﺎﺑ ﺯﺎﻏﺁﻭ
،" Arthor Conoly ﯽﻟﻭﻧﻭﮐﺭﻭﺗﺭﺁ"یﺩﻼﻳﻣ ١٨٣٠ ﻝﺎﺳﺭﺩ
یﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻣﺟ یﺍﺭﺑ ﻪﮐ،یﻭﻧﺎﺗﺭﺑ ﺩﻧﻫ ﺕﻣﻭﮑﺣ ﯽﻔﺧﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺩﺧ ﻥﺍﻭﺟﺭﺳﻓﺍ
ﺯﺍﺭﺍﺩﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺱﭘ ،ﺩﻭﺑ ﻩﺩﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﺗﺳﺭﻓ ﻪﻧﺎﻳﻣ یﺎﻳﺳﺁ ﯽﮑﻳژﻳﺗﺍﺭﺗﺳﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻁﺍ
ﮏﻳﺩﺯﻧ ﺍ ﺯ ﺍﺭ ﺎﺟﻧﺁ ﺕﻳﻌﺿﻭ ﻩﺩﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﺍﻭﻳﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﺧ ﺕﺳﺍﻭﺧ ﺯﺎﻘﻔﻗ
ﺍﺭ یﻭ ﺩﻧﺗﺳﺍﻭﺧﻳﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﻭﺧﺭﺑ ﯽﻧﺍﺩﺯﺩ ﺎﺑﺭﻔﺳ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺩﻧﮐ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻁﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﺩﻭﺧ ﻪﻧﺑﻭ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺷﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻭﺍ ﯽﻟﻭ،ﺩﻧﻧﮐ ﺕﺭﺎﻏ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ ﻝﺍﻭﻣﺍ ﻪﺗﺷﮐ
ﺩﺭﮐ ﺭﻅﻧ ﻑﺭﺻ ﺍﻭﻳﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺗﻓﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺕﻓﺎﻳ ﺕﺎﺟﻧ گﺭﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ
151 - 150 ﺹ ،ﯽﺋﺍﺰﮐﺭﺎﺑ ﺝﻭﺮﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ، 106 - 102 ﺹ ،کﺭﺎﻌﻣ یﺍﻮﻧ - 32
