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ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻭ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ
. ﻝﺑﺍﺯ ﻳ ﺕ ﻻﻭ
ډ ﻩ . ﻧﻭ ﻭﻧﺎﻳﻠﺑﺍﺯ ﻭﺍ ﻝﺑﺍﺯﺩ ﻲﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻲﻧﻭﻏﺭﻟ ﻪﭘ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﺩ
ﻱﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﻝﻭﺳﺭ ﻝﺍﻭﻧﻫﻭﭘ : ﻝﺍﻭﮑﻳﻟ
ﻭﻳﻭﻟ ﻭﺭﻭﻠ $ ﻭﺍ ﻭﻧﻭﺗﻳﻻﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﻠ $ ﺭﭘ ټ ﺳﻧﺑ ﺭﭘ ﻥﻭﻧﺎﻗ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺩ ﻝﺎﮐ ږ ﺩ ﻳﺯ ١٩٢١ ﺩ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ
ﻝﺭﻳﻣﺷﻭ ﺩﻧﻭ ړ ﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﭘ ﺕﻳﻻﻭ ﺭﺎﻫﺩﻧﮐ ﻪﭘ ﻝﺎﻬﻣ ﻪﻐﻫ ﺩ ﺕﻳﻻﻭ + ﻧﺳﻭﺍ ﻝﺑﺍﺯ ﺩ ﻲﭼ ، ﻭﺷ ﻝﺷﻳﻭﻭ ﻭﻧﻭﺗﻣﻭﮑﺣ
ﻝﭘﺧﺩ ﻡﻫ ﻝﺑﺍﺯ ﻲﭼ،ﻭﺷ ﻝﺷﻳﻭﻭ ﻭﻧﻭﺗﻣﻭﮑﺣ ﻭﻳﻭﻟ ﻭﺍ ﻭﻧﻭﺗﻳﻻﻭ ٢٩ ﻪﭘ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﻝﺎﮐ ږ ﺩ ﻳﺯ ١٩٦٤ ﻪﭘ . ﻭﺷ
ﻱﻭﻧ ﻱﺭﺩ ﻩﻭﺳ ﻩﻭﺩ ﻩﺭﺯ ﺱﻟﻭﺍ ( ١٧٢٩٣ ) ﺕﻳﻻﻭ ﻝﺑﺍﺯ ﺩ . ﻭﺷ ړ ﻭﻟ ﻪﺗ ﻡﺎﻘﻣ ﺕﻳﻻﻭ ﺩ ﻲﺧﻣ ﻪﻟ ﺕ 3 ﺯﺭﺍ
ﯥ ﺩ ﻳ ﺯﮐﺭﻣ ﺕﻳﻻﻭ ﺩ ﻭﺍ ، ﻱ ږ ﻳﺳﺭ ﻪﺗ ﻭﺳﻟ ﯥ ﻳ ﺭﻳﻣﺷ ﻭﻧﻭﺩﺣﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺩ ، ﻱﺭﻟ ﺎﻳﺗﺧﺍﺭﭘ ﻊﺑﺭﻣ ﻩﺭﺗﻣﻭﻠﻳﮐ
> ﻳﺩﻳﻭﻟ ، 3 ﻪ ﺭﮐ ﻱﺩ ﺣ ﺭﺳ ﻪﺗ ﻝﻳﻬﺳ ، ﺕﻳﻻﻭ ﻥﺎ = ﺯﻭﺭ ﺩ ﻪﺗﺭﻭﻟ ﻝﺎﻣﺷ ﺕﻳﻻﻭ ې ﺩ ﺩ ﺭﺎ ﺩ ۍ . 3 ﻭﺗﻣﺎﻧ ﺕﻼﮐ
ﺩ ﻱﺭﻭﻟ ﻪﻟ > ﻳﺗﺧ ﻝﻳﻬﺳ ﺩ ﺕﻳﻻﻭ ﺍﺩ ، ۍ ﺩ ﺕﻭﺭﭘ ﺕﻳﻻﻭ ﻲﻧﺯﻏ ﺩ ﯥ ﻳ ﻪﺗ > ﻳﺗﺧ ﻭﺍ ﺕﻳﻻﻭ ﺭﺎﻫﺩﻧﮐ ﺩ ﯥ ﻳ ﻪﺗ
. . ﻱﺭﻟ ﺏﻭﺗﻳ ډ ﻧﻭﺎ ډ ﺍﻭ ? ﻥ = ﻧﻟ ﻩﻭﻳ ﺩ ﻡﻫ ﻩﺭﺳ ﺎﮑﻳﺗﮑﭘ
ﺩ ﻭﺧ ، ﻱﺭﻟ ﻲﮐﺭﭘ ﻱ $ ړB ﻧﺎ A ﻭﺍ ﻪﻧﻭﮑﻳﻟﺭﺳ ړ ﺎﻳﻭ ﺩ ﻭﺍ ﯥ ﻧﺎ > ﻧ 3 ﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻲﻧﻭﻏﺭﻟ ﺩ ﻪﻣﻳﺳ ﺭﻫ ﺩﺍﻭﻳﻫ ﺩ ږ ﻭﻣﺯ
ﻭﻳ ړ ﻳﭘ ﻲﺧﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭﻳﻧﺳﻭﺍ ﺩ ﻭﺍ ﻭﻳﻧ A ﻧﻣ ، ﻭﻧﻭﻏﺭﻟ ﻪﭘ ﺩﺍﻭﻳﻫ ﺩ ږ ﻭﻣ ﺯ ﻲﻣﺎﻧﺭﺎﮐ ﻲﺧﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭﺍ ﻲﻧ ړ ﺎﻳﻭ ﻝﺑﺍﺯ
ﻲﮐ ﻭﻧﻭﺗﻣ ﯥ ﻳﺎﺗ ﺳﻭﺍ ﻭﺍ ﻱﺩﻳﻭ ﻪﭘ . ﻱﺩ ﻪﻧﻭﻠﺻﻓ ﻥﻳﺭﺯ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻲﻠﻣﺩ ﺩﺍﻭﻳﻫ ﻭ ږ ﻭﻣﺯﻭﺍ ﻪﻧﻭﮑﻳﻟﺭﺳ ﺭﺗﺳ ﻲﮐ
ﻭﺭﺎﺛﺍ ﻪﭘ ﻭﻧﻳﺧﺭﻭﻣ ﻭﺗﺎﻳﺯ ﺩ ﻝﺎﻬﻣﺭﭘ ﻭﻳ ﻧﻣﮐﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﺑﺍﺯ ﻭﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺷﻭﮐ ﺩ ، ﻭﻧﻻﺍﻭﮑﻳﻟ ﺭﻳﭘ ﻱﺭﺗﺧﺎﺑ _ ﻭﻧﺎﻧﻭﻳ ﺩ ،
ﻭﻐﻫ ﺩ ﻪﺧﻭﻣ ﻲﻧﮑﻳﻟ ې ﺩ ﺩ . ﻪﺗﺳ ﻲﻣﺎﻧﺭﺎﮐ ﻭﻧﺩﻧ 3 ﺭﺳ ﻭﺍ ﺕﻣﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﺩ ﺎﻳ ﻭﺍ ﯥ ﺑﺩﺑﺩ ﻭﺍ ﻡﺭﺑ ﺩ ﯥ ﻳ ﻲﮐ ﻭﻧﻭﮑﻳﻟ ﻭﺍ
، ﻱﺭﻟ ﻲﮐ ﻝﺎﻬﻣ ږ ﺩ ﻭﺍ ﻪﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺩ ﯥ ﻳ ﻝﺑﺍﺯ ﻲﭼ ﻱﺩ ﻪﻧ ړ ﻝ ﭘﺳ ﻭﺍ ﻝﻭﺩﺎﻳ ﺍﺭ ﻭﻧ ړ ﺎﻳﻭ ﻭﺍ 3 ﻭ ﻳﭘ ﻲﺧﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭﻟﻭ ?
ﻪﭘ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﺩ ﻲﭼ ﻭﺩﺎﻳ ﺍﺭ ﻲ B ﻱ ﻠﻳﺑ ړB ﻧﺎ A ﻪﻐﻫ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻲﻧﻭﻏ ﺭﻟ ﺩ ﻝﺑﺍﺯ ﺩ ﻲﮐ ﻪﻧﮑﻳﻟ ې ﻧﻟ ډ ﻩ ﺩ ﻪﭘ ﻱﺯﺍﻭﻳ
. . ﻱﺩﻳﻭﺷ ﻝ E= ﻪﻧﻭﮑﻳﻟﺭﺳ ﻲﻟ ړ ﺎﻳﻭ ﻲﮐ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻲﻠﻣ
ې ﺩﻣﻫ ﺭﭘ ﺩﺍﻭﻳﻫ ﺩ ﻲﺳﻳﻫﺍﺭ ﻭﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻭﻳﻧﺍﻭﺧﭘ ﻭﺭﻳ ډ ﻪﻟ ﻡﻭﻧﺍﺩ ، ړ ﻭ ﮐ ﻝﻳﭘ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺧ $ ﻡﻭﻧ ﺩ ﻝﺑﺍﺯ ﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺭﺑﺧ
ﺎﺷﻧﺍ ﻭﺍ ﻼﻣﺍ ﺩ ﻡﻭﻧ ﺍﺩ، ۍ ﺩﻳﻭﺷ ﻝﺩﻧژﻳﭘ ﻭﺍ ۍ ﻭﺷ ﻝﺩﻭ 3 ﻳﺍ ﻭﻧژﻳﭘ ﻡﻭﻧ ﻪﭘ ﺕﻳﻻﻭ ﻝﺑﺍﺯ ﺩ ﯥ ﻳ ﺱﻭﺍ ﻲﭼ ﻲﺧﺭﺑ
ﻱﺩﻧﻻ ﯥ ﮑﻟﻭ ﺭﺗ ﯥ ﻳ ﻲﻣﻳﺳ ﻲﺗﺎﻳﺯ ﻲﭼ = ﻪ ﻭﺗ ﻪﭘ ﺩﺍﻭﻳﻫ کﺍﻭﻠﭘﺧ ﻩﻭﻳ ﺩ ﻪﻠﮐ ﻥﻭﻟﺩﺑ ﺭﻳ ډ ﻭﺍ ږ ﻟ ﻪﭘ ﻲﺧﻣ ﻪﻟ
ﻲﮐ E ﻭ ﺎﭘ ﻪﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺩ ﻝﻭ ډ ﻪﭘ ﻲﻣﻳﺳ ﻱﺩﻭﺩﺣﻣ ې ﻭﻳ ﻭﺍ ﺕﻳﻻﻭ ﻩﻭﻳ ﺩ ﻡﻫ ﻪﻠﮐ ﻭﺍ ۍ ﺩﻳﻭﺷ ﻝﻭﺭﺎﮐ ، ﻱﺩﻭﻟﺭﺩ
ﻩﻭﺳﻭﺍ ﻭﺍ ﺭﺯ ﻭﻳ ١٧٠٠ ږ ﻩ ﻟ ﺭﺗ ږ ﻟ ﻡﻭﻧ ﻝﺑﺍﺯ ﺩ ﻩﺭﻅﻧ ﻪﻟ B ﻭ ﻧﻭ $ ﻳ ړ ﺭﻳﻣﺷﻭﻳ ﺩ ۍ . ﺩﻳﻭﺷ ﻝﮑﻳﻟ ﻭﺍ ﺕﺑﺛ
ﻪﺗﺳﺭﻣ ﻪﭘ ﻭﮑﻧﻭﺩﻧژﻳﭘ ﻭﺭﻭﺗﺳ ﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺗﻧﻳﭘﺳ ﺎﻳ ﺕﺷﺩﺯﺭﺩ + ﭼ ، ۍ ﺩﻳﻭﺷ ﺩﺎﻳ ﺕﺧﻭ ﻪﻐﻫ ږ ﺩ ﻳﺯ ﺭﺗ ﺍﻭﺧﻭﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﮐ
ﻲﻧﺳﻭﺍ ﺩ ﻳ ﯥ ﻝﻭ ې ډ ﺩ ﻪﭘ ﻭﺍ ، ړ ﻩ ﮐﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻭﻠﮐﺎ ? ﺩ ﻭﻣﻳﺳ ﺩ ﺕﻳﻧ ﻪﭘ ﻭﻟﺩﻧژﻳﭘ ﻭﺍ ﻭﻟﻭ 3 ﺩ ﻭﻧﻭﻠﺻﻓ ﺩ ﻝﺎﮐ ﺩ
ﻱﻭﺳﺭ ﻥﺎ A ﻪﺗ + $ ﻧ ډ ﻱ ﻧﻟﺭﺳﭘ ﻪﺧ $ $ ﻧ ډ ﻱ ﻲﻧﻣژ ﻪﻟ ﺭﻣﻟ ﻝﺎﮐ ﺩ ﻲﭼ ۍ ﺩﻭ + ﻭ 3 ? ﺎ ? ﺑﻭ ﻪﻐﻫ ﻪﻣﻳﺳ ﻝﺑﺍﺯ
ړ . . ﮐﺭﻭ ﻡﻭﻧ ﻝﺑﺍﺯ ﺩ ﯥ ﻳ ﻪﺗ ﻪﻐﻫ ،
ﻭﺭﺎﺛﺍ ﻭﺍ ﻭﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﺭﻳﻣﺷﻭﻳ ﻪﭘ ﻡﻫ ﯥ ﻳﺭﻅﻧ ﻭﺍ ﻪﻧﻭﺩﻧﺍ ﻭﮑﻧﻭ $ ﻳ ړ ﻭﺭﻭﻧﺭﻳﻣﺷﻭﻳ ﺩ ړ ﻩ ﺍ ﻪﭘ ﯥ3 ﻳﺭ ﻭﺍ ﻡﻭﻧ ﺩ ﻝﺑﺍﺯ ﺩ
ﻭﺭﻭﻧ ﺩ ﻩﺭﺎﭘﻟ ﻲﺣﺭﻁ + ﻧﺗﺭﻭﭘ ﺩ ﻭﺧ ، ړ ﻭ ﮐﻭ ﻪﻧﻭﺩﺎﻳ ﯥ ﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺗﺳﺭﻭ ﻲﭼ ﻱﺩﻳﻭﺷ ﻝﻘﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ ﻪﺗﺷ ﻲﮐ
ﻪﭘ ﻝﺑﺍﺯ ﺩ ﻲﭼ ﺍﺩ ﻪﻐﻫ ﻭﺍ : ﻭﺩﺎﻳ ﺍﺭ ﻝﻳﻟﺩ ﻥﻣﺗ 3 ﺯﺭﺍ ﻭﻟﻭ ? ﺭﺗ = ﻪ ﻭﺗ ﻪﭘ ﻲ B ﻠﻳﺑ ﺩ K $ ﻧ ﺭﺗ ﻭﻧﻭﺩﻧﻭﺳﻻ
ﻭﻳﻧﺍﻭﺧﭘ ﻭﺭﻳ ډ ﻪﻟ ﺩﺑﻌﻣ ﺭﺗﺳ ﻭﻟﻭ ? ﺭﺗ ﻲﻧ A ﻧﺎﻣﻧ ﺭﻣﻟ ﺩ ﻡﻭﻧ ﻪﭘ ( ﻥﻭﺯ ) ﺩ ﻲﮐ ﻭﺧﺭﺑ ﻭﺩﻧﻭ ړ ﺍ ﻭﺍ ﻪﻣﻳﺳ
ﻭﺗﺷﻳﻣ ﺩ ﻲﮐ ﻪﻣﻳﺳ ﻪﭘ = ﻪ ﻭﺗ ﻪﭘ A ﺎ ی ﺕﺩﺎﺑﻋ ﻩﻭﻳ ﺩ ﻱﺭﻭﭘ + ﻧﻣﮐﺍﻭ ﺭﺗ ﻭﺭﮑ 3 ﻟ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺩ ﺎﻳﺑ ﻪﺧ $ ﻭﻧﺎﻣﺯ
ﺩ ، ﻩﻭﺎﮐ ﺕﺩﺎﺑﻋ ﯥ ﻳ ﻪﺗ ﻪﻐﻫ ﺩ ﻭﺍ ۍ ﺩﻳﮐ ﻝﺗﺎﺳ ﺕ 3 ﻧﺭﺩ ﻪﭘ ﻱﺭﻭﻟ ﻪﻟ ﻭﻧﺎﻧﻣﮐﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﺑﺍﺯ ﺩ ﻡﻫ ﻭﺍﻭ ﻭ ړ= ﻭ
ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﺭﻳﺧ ﻪﭘ ﻝﺑﺎﮐ ﺩ ﻭﺍ ې . ﻭ ﻱﺩﻧﻻ ﯥ ﮑﻟﻭ ﺭﺗ ﻭﻧﻣﮐﺍﻭ ﻝﺑﺍﺯ ﺩ ﻲﻣﻳﺳ ﺍﻭﺧ ﻭﺍ ﺎﺷ ﺩﺑﻌﻣ ﻪﻐﻫ ﺩ ﻭﺍ ﺩﺑﻌﻣ ﻥﻭﺯ
ۍ ﺩ ۍ . ﺩﻧﻭﺳﻻ ﻥﻣ ډ ﺍ ډ ﺎﻧﻳﻭ ې ﺩ ﺩ ﻡﻫ ﻝﺩﻳﮐ ﺍﺩﻳﭘ ﺩﺑﻌﻣ ﺎﻳﺭﻭﺳ ﺩ ﻲﮐ
ﻪﻣﺳﺟﻣ ﺎﻳﺭﻭﺳ ﺩ ﻝﺗﻭﮐ + ﻧﺎﺧ ﺭﻳﺧ ﺩ
