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45 یﺭﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻪﺳ ۀﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﯽﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺳ
:ﺭﺎﻫﺩﻧﻗ ﻪﺑ 39 ﭻﻳﻭﻭﮑﺗﻳﻭ ﻪﻳﺳﻭﺭ ﺭﺻﻳﻗ ۀﺩﻧﻳﺎﻣﻧ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ
ﺕﺍﺭﮐﺍﺫﻣﺭﺩ ، ﺭﺎﻫﺩﻧﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺱﭘ ﻪﻳﺳﻭﺭ ﻩﺩﻧﻳﺎﻣﻧ ﭻﻳﻭﻭﮑﺗﻳﻭ
ﺭﻳﻔﺳ ﻩﺭﻭﺷﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺗﻳ ﺍ ﻫ ﻣ ﭻﻳﻫ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﻩﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ :ﺕﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﺭﺍﺩﺭﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻭﺧ
ﻪﺗﺧﺎﺳ ﻖﺣﻠﻣ ﻪﻳﺳﻭﺭ ﺕﻟﻭﺩﺑ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﺧ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ،ﺕﺳﻳﻧ ﻝﻳﺎﻗ ﻪﻳﻧﺎﺗﺭﺑ
ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﻩﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ ﻪﮐ ﯽﮑﻣﮐ ﻉﻭﻧﺭﻫ ﻪﻳﻔﺧﺭﻭﻁﺑ ﻡﻫﻭ ًﺎﻧﻠﻋ ﻪﻳﺳﻭﺭﻭ .ﺕﺳﺍ
ﻥﻳﺍﺭﺩ .ﺩﻫﺩﻳﻣ ﺵﻳﺍﺭﺑ ،ﺩﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺗﺷﺍﺩ ﺕﺭﻭﺭﺿ ﺩﻭﺧ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻥﻳﻣﺎﺗ یﺍﺭﺑ
ﺏﺻﻧﻣ ﺏﺣﺎﺻ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ »:ﺕﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺵﺭﺍﺯﮔ ﻝﻳﺫﺭﺍﺭﻗ ﭻﻳﻟ ﺭﺟﻳﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺑ
یﺎﻫ ﻡﺎﻳﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺕﻔﮔ ﻥﻣﺑ ﻥﺎﺧﻟﺩﺭﻬﻣ ،ﺩﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻝﺑﺎﮐﺭﺩ ﻥﻭﻧﮐﺍ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺳﻭﺭ
:ﺕﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﮐ ﻡﻳﺩﻘﺗ ﻭﺎﺑﺭﻭﻁﺍﺭﭘﻣﺍ ﺏﻧﺎﺟﺯﺍﺭ ﻝﻳﺫ
،ﺩﻧﻭﺷ ﻖﺣﻠﻣ ﻥﺎﺧﺩﻣﺣﻣ ﺕﺳﻭﺩ ﺭﻳﻣﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺍﺩﺭﺳ ﺭﮔﺍ ﻪﮑﻧﻳﺍ -
ﻥﺎﺗﻠﻣﻭ ﺩﻧﮕﻧﺟﺑ ﺎﻬﮑﻳﺳﺎﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺩﺭﮐ ﺩﻫﺍﻭﺧ ﮏﻣﮐ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻳﺳﻭﺭ ﺕﻟﻭﺩ
ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻡ ﺎﻧ ،ﺪﺷ یﺭﺍ ﺪﻣﺎ ﻧ ﻖ ﻘﺤﻣﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﮐ(ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺟ ﺮﺴﻓﺍ)ﻦﺴﻨﻴﻟﻭﺍﺭ یﺮﻨﻫ - 39
ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻂﺒﺿ گﺭﻮﺒﻧﺭﻭﺍ ﻥﻮﻳﺰﻴﻧﺭﺎﮔﺯﺍ "ﭻﻳﻭﻮﮑﺘﻳﻭ ﻥﺎﻳ"ﻥﺭﻮﺗ ،ﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﻣﺍ ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ گﺭﻮﺑﺯﺮﻄﭘ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﺴﻨﻴﻟﻭﺍﺭ .ﺩﺮﮑﻴﻣ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ یﻮﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓﻭ ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ یﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺰﺑﻭ ﯽﻧﺍﻮﺘﻴﻟ ﻞﻫﺍ ﻭﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺴﻳﻮﻨﻴﻣ
ﺮﮑﺸﻟ ﺕﺍﺮﻫ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﻤ ﺣ یﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺎﺷ ﭗﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﻩﺍﺭﺭﺩ ١٨٣٧ ﺮﺒﻣﻮﻧ ﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺮﻣ
ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺤﺒﺻ ﻑﺮﺻ ﻝﺎﺣﺭﺩ ﻕﺍﺰﻗ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺋﻮﺟ ﺭﺎﻨﮐﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺯﺍﺮﺗﺭﻭﺩ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻴﻠﮐ ﺎﻫﺪﺻ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﻴﺸﮐ
ﭗﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻗﻭ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺲﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺮﻴﻔﺳ "ﻞﻴﻨﮑﻣ" ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻦﺴﻨﻴﻟﻭﺍﺭ .ﺩﻮﺑ
ﻩ ﺎﺷ ﭗﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻗﻭﻭ ،ﺪﻨﮐ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺐﺸﻧﺎﻤﻫﺩﺮﮐ ﯽﻌﺳ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺷﻭ ﮏﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺍﻮﻫ،ﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻩﺎﺷ
ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﺮﮕﻣ "ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﯽﻔﻳﺎﺤﺗ ﻦﻣ یﺍﺮﺑ " :ﺖﻔﮔ ﻦﺴﻨﻴﻟﻭﺍﺭ ﻥﺪﻳﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺎﺷ ،ﺪﺷ ﯽﺋﺎﻤﻨﻫﺍﺭ
ﻪﻴﺳﻭﺭﺮﻴﻔﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻦﺴﻨﻴﻟﻭﺍﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳﺮﻓ ﻞﺑﺎﮐ ﺮﻴﻣﺍ یﺍﺮﺑﺍﺭ ﻒﻳﺎﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻴﺳﻭﺭ ﺭﺍﺰﺗ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﮐﺮﻴﻣﺍ یﺍﺮﺑ ﯽﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻪﮐ ﭻﻳﻭﻮﮑﺘﻳﻭ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﻮﺒﻋ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ یﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺖﻘﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﭻﻴﻧﻮﻤﻴﺳ
ﻪﻤﻴﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺗﺩﻭﺯ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ . ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻞﺻ ﺎﺣ
ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻩﺎﺷ ﭗﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺳﺍﻮﺨﻴﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﻭﺮﺑﻭﺭ ﭻﻳﻭﻮﮑﺘﻳﻭ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻣﺁ ﯽﻣ ﻥﻭﺮﻴﺑ ﻩﺎﺷ
ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﺳﺮﭙﻟﺍﻮﺣﺍﻭ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻦﺴﻨﻴﻟﻭﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺎﺑ ﭻﻳﻭﻮﮑﺘﻳﻭ.ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔ
ﯽﮐﺮﺗ یﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺰﺑ،ﯽﺳﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﭻﻳﻭﻮﮑﺘﭘﻭ.ﺖﺳ ﺍﻮﺧ ﺕﺭﺬﻌﻣ یﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺑﺎﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺩﺮﺳ
ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ﺖﻨﺟﺍﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺪﺷﻭﺮﺑﻭﺭ .ﺩﻮﻤﻨﻴﻣ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﯽﻧﺍﻭﺮﺑﺰﻴﻧ ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍﻭ یﻮﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ،ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺯﻭ
یﺯﺎﺑ) .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺹﺎﺧ یﺎﻨﻌﻣﻭ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺯﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﯽﮑﻳﺮﻫ یﺍﺮﺑ ، ﺐﻴﻗﺭ کﺮﻳﺯ ﻭ
( ١۴٠ ﺹ ،گﺭﺰﺑ
