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. ﺩﺭﺍﺩ یﺭﺗﺷ ﻳﺑ ﺕﻭﺍﺭﻁﻭ ﻡﺍﻭﺩ ﺏﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻭﻠﺣﻣ یﺎﻬﮕﻧﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺳﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧﻌﻣ ﻥﻳﺩﺑ
یﺎﻫﺭﻧﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﻭﺟﻻ ﮓﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺗﺳﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺩﻭﺑ یﺭﻳﻭﺻﺗ یﺎﻫﺭﻧﻫﺭﺩ یﺩﺭﻭﺟﻻ ﮓﻧﺭ ﯽﻠﺟﺗ یﻻﺎﺑ ﺕﺑﺣﺻ ﺎﺟﻧﻳﺍ ﺎﺗ ﻪﺗﺑﻟﺍ
. ﺩﺷﮑﻳﻣ ﺵﻳﭘ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺍﺯﻬﺟﻧﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻝﻗﺍ ﺩﺣ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ یﺭﺗﺷﻳﺑ ﺭﺎﻳﺳﺑ ﺕﻣﺍﺩﻗ ﯽﻧﻳﺋﺯﺗ ﻭ ﯽﻣﺳﺟﺗ
ﺹﺎﺧ ﮏﻳژﻳﺗﺍﺭﺗﺳﺍ ﺕﻳﻌﻗﻭﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻫﺩﻳﻣ ﻥﺎﺷﻧ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺵﺧﺑﻧﻳﺭﺩ ﻥﺩﻣﺗﺭﻳﺳ ﻩﺎﮕﻧ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻧﺷ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻁﻣ
ﯽﻧﺎﮔﺩﻧﺯ ﻑﻠﺗﺧﻣ یﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ یﺭﻧﻫ ﻊﻳﺍﺩﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻭﻠﻣﻣ ،ﺎﻓﻭﮕﺷ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻓﺭﺷﻳﭘ یﺎﻬﻧﺩﻣﺗ ﺯﮐﺭﻣ ،ﺎﻳﺳﺁ ﺏﻠﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻭﺧ
Bactria ) ﺭﺗﺧﺎﺑ ﻥﻭﭼ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ گﺭﺯﺑ یﺎﻫﺭﻬﺷ . ﺕﺳﺍ ﻪﺗﺷﺍﺩ یﺯﺭﺎﺑ ﺵﻘﻧ ﻥﻬﮐ یﺎﻫ ﺕﻳﻧﺩﻣ ﻝﺎﺻﺗﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻭﺑ ﺭﺷﺑ
ﻩﺭﺍﻭﻬﮔ ( ﺭﺎﻫﺩﻧﮐ Arachosia ) ﺎﻳﺯﻭﮐﺍﺭﺍ ﻭ ( ﺎﺳﻳﭘﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻝﺑﺎﮐ ) ﺍﺭﻭﺑﺎﮐ ﯽﮕﻧﻫﺭﻓ ﻩ ٔ ﺯﻭﺣ ، ( ﺕﺍﺭﻫ Aria ) ﺎﻳﺭﺁ ، ( ﺦﻠﺑ
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ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻭﺑ ﺯﻭﺭﻣﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺵﻳﭘ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺍﺯﻫ ﺞﻧﭘ ﯽﻧﻌﻳ ﺩﻼﻳﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻝﺑﻗ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻡﻭﺳ یﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﺍﺯﻫ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻧﺎﺳﻧﺍ ﻥﻳﺗﺳﺧﻧ یﺎﻫ ﮓﻧﻫﺭﻓ
یﺎﻬﻧﻳﻣﺯﺭﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧ ﺎﺗﺳﺎﺑ ٔﻪﻁﺧ ﻥﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺗﺳﺎﺧﺭﺑ ﯽﮕﻧﻫﺭﻓ یﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁﺭﻓ ﻭ یﺭﻧﻫ یﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﻳﺷ ﺯﺍ یﺭﺎﻳﺳﺑ ،ﺭﺍﻭﺩﺍ ﻥﻳﺍ ﯽﻁ
ﺵﺧﭘ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﻭ ﻥﻳﭼ ﮓﻧﺎﻳﮑﻳﺳ ﺕﻟﺎﻳﺍ ،ﻭﻣﺁ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻝﺎﻣﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻡﻳﺩﻗ یﺎﻧﺎﻳﺩﻐﺳ ،ﺩﻧﻫ ﻩﺭﺎﻗ ﻡﻳﻧ ﯽﻟﺎﻣﺷ ﻖﻁﺎﻧﻣ ﺩﻧﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺍﻭﺟﻣﻫ
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ﻝﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺕﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻳﺩﺭﮔ ﺭﮕﻳﺩ یﺎﻬﻧﻳﻣﺯﺭﺳ ﯽﮕﻧﻫﺭﻓ یﺎﻬﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻡﻬﻠﻣ ﻥﺁ یﺭﻧﻫ یﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﻳﺷ ﻡﻫ یﺩﺭﺍﻭﻣ ﺭﺩ . ﺕﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻳﺩﺭﮔ
ﯽﺗﺳﺩ ﻊﻳﺎﻧﺻ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻳﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺷﺧﺩﺑ ﺩﺭﻭﺟﻻ ﮓﻧﺳ ﺩﺭﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻝﺎﺛﻣ ﺭﻭﻁﺑ . ﺩﻧﮑﻳﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺗﺳﺎﺑ ٔﻪﻁﺧ ﻥﻳﺍ ﯽﮕﻧﻫﺭﻓ ﯽﻳﺎﻳﻭﭘ ﺭﺑ
