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ﻥﺎﮕﻧﻣﺳ ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺗﺳﭘ . ﺕﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺭﭘ ﺩﻭﺧ ﻥﺎﻣﺍ ﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ءﺍﺭﻌﺷ ﻭ ءﻼﺿﻓ ، ءﺎﺑﺩﺃ ﻥﻳﺭﺗﮔﺭﺯﺑ ﻥﺎﮕﻧﻣﺳ
ﻝﺎﻏﺫ . ﺩﻭﺷﻳﻣ ﺕﻓﺎﻳ ﺕﺭﺛﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺋﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻳﮔ ﺭﮕﻳﺩ ﻭ ﮓﻧﻫ ، ﻩﺭﻳﺯ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﻭﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻭﺑ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻣ
ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺷﺎﺑﻳﻣ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺕﻳﻔﻳﻛ ﻥﻳﺭﺗﻳﻟﺎﻋ ﻭ ﻥﻳﺭﺗﻬﺑ ﺕﻳﻋﻭﻧ ﺭﻅﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﮕﻧﻣﺳ ﺕﻳﻻﻭ ی ﻻﺎﺑ ﻑﻭﺻ ﻩﺭﺩ ﮓﻧﺳ
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ﻡﺟﻌﻣ ، ﺏﺭﻐﻣﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺍ ﻕﺭﺷﻣﻟﺍ ﻥﻣ ﻡﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺣ ﺭﺩ . ﺕﺳﺍ ﺭ ﻭﻬﺷﻣ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﮔ ﻡﺎﻧﺑ ﻡﺩﻧﮔ ﺕﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﺎﮕﻧ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﮕﻧﻣﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺑﺗﻌﻣ ﺫﺧﺂﻣ ﺭﮕﻳﺩﻭ ﻲﺳﻭﻁ ﻲﺳﻭﺩﺭﻓ گﺭﺯﺑ ﺭﺎﻛﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﻫﺎﺷ ، ﻱﻭﻣﺣﻟﺍ ﺕﻭﻗﺎﻳ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺑﻟﺍ
ﻱﺩژﺍﺭﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﻬﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻡﺗﺳﺭ ﺩﺭﺑﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮕﻧﻣﺳ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺭﺗﺧﺩ ﻪﻧﻳﻣﻬﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻡﺗﺳﺭ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﺍﺩ ﺕﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺷ ﻩﺩﺭﺑﻣﺎﻧ ﺏﺗﺍﺭﻣ
. . ﻥﺎﮕﻧﻣﺳ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻣﻭﻠﻌﻣ ﺭﺻﺗﺧﻣ ﺩﻭﺑ ﻥﻳﺍ . ﺕﺳﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻣ ﻥﺎ ﮕﻣﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﻫﺎﺷ ﻱﺎﻬﻧﺎﺗﺳﺍﺩ ﻥﻳﺭﺗ
ﻥ . ﻳﻳ ﺎﭘ ﻑﻭﺻ ﻩﺭﺩ ﯽ ﻟﺍﻭﺳﻟﻭ
: . ﺎﻫﺎﺗﺳﻭﺭ
،ﻪﭼﺭﻭﻣ ﻩﺭﻗ ، ﯽ ﮕﻧﺳ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ،ﻥﺎﻧﺎ ی ﺑ ﻳ ﺭﻭﻣ ﻳ ﺗ، ﺵﮐﻭﺎﮔ ﻪﺧﺭﺳ ،ﻥ ﺎﭘ ﻳﻳ ﺏﻭﻘﻌ ﻳ ﯽ ﮕﻧﺗ ،کﺎﮑﭼ ، ﻕﺭﺎﻋ ﻪﭼﻭﮐ
ﺭﺍﺯﻐﻠﭼ ﻭ ﯽ ﻫﺩ ﮏﺟﺎﺗ ،ﮏﮑ ﻳ ﻧ ،ﻥﺎﺗﻣ ی ﻭﺍ ،ﻪﭼﺑ ﯽ ﺟﺎﺣ ، ﯽ ﮑﺑﻭﺑ ﻪﺧﺭﺳ
. ﻻﺎﺑ ﻑﻭﺻ ﻩﺭﺩ ﯽ ﻟﺍﻭﺳﻟﻭ
: . ﺎﻫﺎﺗﺳﻭﺭ
ﺵﺎﺗ ﻳ ﻩﻭ ﺗ ﻭ ﺕﻭﺗﺭﺎﻬﭼ ، ﻑ ﻳ ﻁﻟ ی ﻭﺟ ،ﺎﻫ ی ﺭﻭﺗ ،ﺯﻐﻣﺭﺎﭼ ﻝﺍﻭﺧ ،ﻪﻧﻏﺭﻗ ﻭ ﻳ ﻡ ﺭﺟﺍ ، ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﯽ ﭼﻗﺎﺗ
< char avlia<p , کﺭ ﻳ ﺗ ،ﺽﻭﺣ ﯽ ﻣﺧﺩﻧﻠﺑ ﻪﺟﺍﻭﺧ،ﺯﺎ ﻳ ﻧﻟﺎﺧ،ﺩﻣﺣﺍ ﻩﺭﻗ،ﻪﺧ ﻳ ﺷ،ﺩﻣﺍﻭﻧ،ﮓﻧﻟﻭﺭﺳ
ﺎﻫ . ﺩﻧﻭ ﭘ ﻳ
َ
. . ﺕﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﺭﻭﺷﮐ ﻥﺎﮕﻧﻣَﺳ ( ﻥﺎﺗﺳﺍ ﻳ ﺕ ) ﻻﻭ ﺯﮐﺭﻣ ﮏَﺑ 1 ( َﺍ ﻳ )
ﻪﻧﺩﺭﮔ ﺭﭘ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺑﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﻌﺻ ﯽ ﻫﺍﺭ ﺎﺑ ی ﻼﻔﺳ ﺵﺧﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﮕﻧﻣﺳ ﻭ ﻡﻠﺧ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﻳ ﺎ ﻩﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﻬﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻬﺷ ﺍ ﻳ ﻥ
ی ﺎﻧﺑ ﺭﻬﺷ ی ﺍ ﻳ ﻥ ﺭﺗﻣﻭﻠ ۴ ﮐ ﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺕﻓﺭ ﻳ ﻥ ﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ،ﻡ ﺩﻗ ﺭﻬﺷ ﺯﺍ ﯽ ﺷﺧﺑ ی ﺩﻼ ﻣ ﻳ ١٩٣۴ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ . ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺭﻗ
. . ﺕﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﯽ ﮕﻧﺳ ژﺩ ﻝﺧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺩ ﮏ ﻳ ﺩﺯﻧ ﮏﺑ ﺍ ﻳ ﻳ ﻣ ﯽ ﺩﻗ ﺭﻬﺷ . ﺩﺷ ﻉﻭﺭﺷ ﻳ ﺩ ﺩﺟ ﺭﻬﺷ
. . ﺕﺳﺍ ﻪﺗﺳﭘ ﻭ ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ،ﻡﺩﻧﮔ ﺭﻬﺷ ﻳ ﻥ ﺍ ﻩﺩﻣﻋ ﺕﺭﺎﺟﺗ
ﺯﺍ ﺭﻬﺷ . ﺍ ﻳ ﻥ ﺕﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﻧﺎﻐﻓﺍ ﺦﻠﺑ ﻥﺎﺗﺳﺍ ( ی ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﻟﺍﻭﺳﻟﻭ ) ﺎﻫ ﺵﺧﺑ ﺯﺍ ﯽ ﻳ ﮑ ﻭ ﺭﻬﺷ ﮏ ﻳ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻡﻠُﺧ ) 2 (
. ﺕﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻭﺧﺭﺑ ی ﻳ ﺭﺎ ﺯ ﻳ ﺩﺎ ﺳﺑ ﯽ ﮕﻧ ﺩ ﻳ ﺭ ﻳ
